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Kakariki, Care, Breeding, Ecology, and Conservation :: View topic - Self Checking for Worms
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Self Checking for Worms

 
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Steptoe
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Joined: Oct 06, 2004
Posts: 4550

PostPosted: Tue Dec 14, 2004 1:33 am    Post subject: Self Checking for Worms

There has been a little discussion in forums about worming.
I watched the vet 'float' samples and put under the microscope.
It didnt seem complex, a soln of salt or sugar 'floated the eggs to the top, a side was made and put under the mircoscope.
A little over simplfied, but in saying that it was simple.
A basic, not to cheap , old childs microscope would do the job nps.

I have been meaning dig out the kids microscope, read up a little on 'how to' and get the vet to take me thru its all for the last month or so....time.

Does anyone else check for worms themselves?

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Last edited by Steptoe on Thu Sep 14, 2006 11:11 am; edited 3 times in total
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Steptoe
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Joined: Oct 06, 2004
Posts: 4550

PostPosted: Tue Dec 14, 2004 8:21 pm    Post subject:

I was Down the Vet today so took the opportunity to ask..
How To....

Yes its very simple.
TOOLS:
Kids microscope that has a range around 10x to 20x
Most go up to 250 to 750x Shocked
The best is the sort that has an electric blub for light, and a little screen attactment for veiwing rather than looking down thru the eye peice.

Slides and slip covers for the above....

2 15 to 20 cc Test tubes....

A fine eye dropper or a small syringe

Saturated common salt sol'n (brine)....(or epson salt magnesium sulphate
make this by warming water, dissolve as much salt as u can in it, then let cool, drain off and keep the sol'n.

Fine mesh filter...or bit of gauze
the best setup is a filter that works like a coffee plunger in test tube scale.

Small spatula to get your sample and to be able to stir inside the above test tube... a slim metal nail file does the job.

HOW TO:
1/Make sure all your equipment is clean

2/ 1/2 to 2/3 fill your test tube with the salt sol'n

3/Obtain your fresh 'poo' sample (that can be identified which bird is the source) with your nailfile ....I mean... spatula, a good sized 'blob' on the end will do.

4/ Put it in the test tube, a stir it around really well.

5/Filter thru your fine mesh filter into the other test tube
(Or see coffee plunger filtering method below)

6/ Top up with more salt sol'n until it is full.. so that the level bulges above the top of the test tube and let stand for 20 to 30 mins. longer time allows more eggs to float to the surface giving more accurate results.

7/ Carefully place the slide slip on the surface of the sample , pulling a very small amount off

8/ Place on the glass side, put slide under the microscope and look for little round or oval eggs. Some times they are like rings other types have a darker centre.
9/Compare to pictures Below

So there u go...chances are, the cost of 1 check with the vet would buy the whole 'kit' AND the time it takes less than what it would to take a sample to the vet, AND u have your results immediately.

Coffee plunger method: obtain a small piece of very fine stainless steel mesh. Using a metal hole punch that is very slightly larger than the inside diameter of test tube, punch out your filter.

Coffee Plunger Method to filter:
only have the test tube about 1/2 full, so it doesn't over flow (do a practise to establish a good level 1st)
Put your sample in as above, stir it up, carefully place the filter into the top of the testube.
Use a round object with a flat base (about the size of a pencil) then carefully press the filter to the bottom and leave there.
Fill test tube as in 6/ above and carry on.

BACK GROUND:
1/U use saturated salt sol'n cause that has a higher Specific Gravity than the worm eggs, therefore they float
2/A bird may have worms, the above is not 100% , so a couple tests over a couple days is best , espec if u want to get worming in early before breeding season. Worming can bring on moult, and birds are infertile during moult.

Edit: Please read further detailed and far more informed info in post below under heading "Types of wormers". for what to use when and dosage.



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Last edited by Steptoe on Thu Sep 14, 2006 11:20 am; edited 3 times in total
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Brett
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Joined: Aug 02, 2005
Posts: 10

PostPosted: Tue Aug 02, 2005 7:57 pm    Post subject: Bird Worming

Brett Gartrell, BVSc MACVSc(Avian Health) PhD
Lecturer in Avian and Wildlife Health
IVABS, Massey University
Palmerston North, NZ
copyright ©

The first thing to note is that no wormer is 100% effective in birds. Different worms require different drugs and worms can develop resistance to all drugs.

Different types of birds require different strategies to worm. Desert adapted birds such as bush budgies, princess parrots and many finches are difficult to worm in water, especially with drugs that taste bitter. Crop worming is the best way to worm these birds but may practically be very difficult where large numbers of birds are involved. Finches can sometimes be wormed with drugs mixed through seed although it is difficult to ensure the right dose is consumed.

In water worming should not be used on very hot days as birds can overdose very easily. Finches must be very accurately weighed if you are going to use crop worming, as some of these drugs are potentially fatal.

Birds should either be wormed regularly or have their droppings tested for worm eggs. Worm eggs can only be seen with a microscope with the exception of tapeworm eggs that are about the size of a grain of rice.

Birds in suspended cages should be wormed or tested once or twice a year, as the chances of them re-infesting are low. The level of worm eggs can be kept low on a concrete floor by regular cleaning with soapy water. Dirt and sand floors will gradually accumulate worm eggs and the only way to stop this is to change the top few inches every year. Well-drained floors also help reduce worm egg burdens. Birds on dirt or sand floors should be wormed three to four times a year.

Aim to ensure birds are free of worms prior to breeding. Change the type of worming drench you use to ensure that worms don’t build up resistance to the drugs you are using.

Types of wormers

1. Fenbendazole (Panacur 2.5)
Do not use Panacur 5 or Panacur 10 as these formulations can cause deaths.
It is effective against roundworm and Giardia and has some effect against capillaria (hairworm). It can cause feather abnormalities if given during moult or to growing chicks and can cause mortality in high doses.

Crop dose rate: 0.1mls/100g of bodyweight by crop daily for 3 days
Water dose rate: 5 mls/litre for 3 days. Settles quickly so must be stirred regularly.
In seed: mix 8mls with 12 mls vegetable oil and add to 1 kilogram of seed and feed 6-7 days.

2. Ivermectin (Ivomec Sheep Drench)
Do not use the cattle formulation as it is fat-soluble and must be diluted with propylene glycol before use. The sheep preparation is water-soluble but must be protected from light. It is effective against some roundworms, lice and mites (including air sac mite and scaly face mite).
It can cause nerve damage at doses just above the effective dose so use carefully. It must be changed daily to remain effective. There has been high levels of resistance to ivermectin develop in bird roundworms.

Crop dose: 200 micrograms/ kg. Dilute 1:10 with water and then give at 0.25mls/100g bodyweight by crop daily for 3 days
In water dose: 5mls per litre of water for 5 days. Repeat in 2 weeks.

3. Levamisole (Nilverm Pig and Poultry Drench, Avitrol and Avitrol-plus)
Effective against most worms except tapeworm. It has been one of the few drugs effective against gizzard worm in finches and spiruroid worms in magpies (however see Moxidectin). Side effects include vomiting, incoordination, wing and leg paralysis and death. Do not use in hot weather or in ill birds.

Crop dose rate: 25-50 mg/kg. Avitrol = 0.5mls/100g bodyweight once by crop.
In water dose rate is:
Nilverm = 5mls/litre of water for 3 days. Repeat in 2 weeks.
Avitrol = 25mls/litre for 24 hours. Repeat in 2 weeks.

4. Moxidectin (Vet-dectin oral drench for sheep)
This is a newer drug and is still largely unknown. Don’t use the cattle pour-on or the low volume formulation (Cydectin LV). However it is very effective against gizzard worm, roundworm, capillaria, air sac mite and scaly face mite.

Crop dose rate: dilute 1:10 with water and give at 0.2ml/100g bodyweight by crop once and repeat in two weeks.
In water dose rate: 5mls per litre of water for 5 days and repeat in two weeks.

5. Niclosamide (Niclocide, Yomesan)
Is effective only against tapeworm. Comes in a 500mg tablet.
Do not use in pigeons, geese and ducks as deaths have been reported.

Dose at 50mg/kg once a week for 4 weeks in seed gruel.
Bake into a cake for finches at a dose rate of 500mg/kg.

6. Oxfendazole (Synanthic, Benzelmin, Systamex)
This is a white drench that is the best drug to use in water as it is quite stable and doesn’t taste too bad. It is very effective against roundworms and has some effect against tapeworm when given for 5 days. Each brand has a different dose so need to work out dose in milligrams; see below.
Very little side effects except can cause feather abnormalities if given to growing chicks or during the moult.

In water dose: 100-200mg per litre of water for 3-5 days. Repeat in 2 weeks.
Crop dose: 2mg/100grams of bodyweight by mouth once daily for 3-5 days.

7. Piperazine (Piperazine solution for Poultry and Pigs, Bird wormer)
This is a commonly sold wormer through pet shops and supermarkets that is NOT EFFECTIVE in finches and parrots for any worms. Has some effect against roundworms in pigeons and poultry but is not recommended due to the high levels of resistance that occur in bird worms.

8. Praziquantel (Droncit, Virbac tapewormer tablets)
It is effective only against tapeworm. It settles out in water so must be given as crop wormer (usually mixed with other wormer) or in food. Injectable droncit is available but causes death in finches.

Crop dose: one tablet (50mg) crushed into 5mls liquid and given at
0.1ml/100g bodyweight once. Repeat in 10-14 days.
Food dose (finches): ¼ tablet per 30-50 finches mixed evenly in soft food.

9. Pyrantel (Combantrim children’s wormer, Canex puppy suspension)
This is useful as a single dose crop wormer for roundworms and some capillaria. Praziquantel (Droncit) can be added to include effects against tapeworm. It can cause vomiting. It settles out of water and can only be used by crop worming. Waterfowl can be wormed with Drontal tablets at the dose on the packet by weight.

Crop dose: Crush one droncit tablet for every 5 mls Combantrim liquid.
Give 0.1mls/100g bodyweight
Tablet dose: One tablet per 10 kg of body weight orally
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